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A study was conducted to determine the productive and reproductive performance of dairy cattle reared in major milk production area of Chitwan and Nawalparasi districts of Nepal, as well as determining the existing breeding scenario of cattle farming followed by the farmers. Five years (2008-2012) of data of 728 animals send to data management section of Animal Breeding Division under Dairy Cattle Improvement Program (DCIP) were reviewed and analyzed. Similarly, monthly data recording of 380 animals taken from May 2012 to April 2013 were used to find out information on reproductive performance. Average milk yield, fat percentage and protein percentage of cattle were observed 2,841 ± 84.9 kg, 4.43% ± 0.66% and 3.33% ± 0.17%, respectively, and the effect of genotype on these traits were found significant (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). Similarly, calving interval, post-partum estrus, post-partum conception, age at maturity and age at first calving were observed 422.8 ± 7.71, 108.9 ± 6.13, 149.93 ± 27.04, 498.5 ± 16.32 and 816.0 ± 17.41 d, respectively. Age at maturity and age at first calving was significantly affected by genotype (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). In addition, average number of insemination per conception was observed 1.38 in survey household. Breeding system of cattle followed by the farmers were found satisfactory in the survey household, but needs gradual improvement. It was observed that offspring of cross between Jersey and Holstein performed better in terms of productive and reproductive performance in farmer managed condition of Nepal. Therefore, rotational crossing of Jersey and Holstein for maintaining blood level between 50% and 75% of either breed is the best choice for farmers.

Evaluation of Productive and Reproductive Performance of Cattle in Major Dairy Production Area of Chitwan and Nawalparasi Districts