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Bud phenology and shoot elongation growth were monitored on Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees grown inside glass domes with adjustable windows for six years under ambient (355 µmol CO 2 ∙mol -1 ) and elevated (700 µmol CO 2 ∙mol -1 ) atmospheric CO 2 concentrations CO 2 . Each treatment consisted of two stand densities - sparse (5,000 trees∙ha -1 ) and dense (10,000 trees∙ha -1 ). The age of spruce trees was 10 years at the beginning of the experiment. Elevated CO 2 slightly accelerated the consequential bud germinating phases and it significantly induced shoot elon - gation growth, especially of sun-exposed shoots in a stand with sparse density. This accelerated growth lasted one to three weeks after full bud development in E compared to A. At the end of the growing season the total shoot length did not show any differences between the treatments. We supposed that limiting nitrogen supply to needles slowed down subsequent shoot elongation growth in E treatment. Nevertheless, faster shoot growth in elevated CO 2 conditions can enhance the carbon sink in spruce due to prolongation of the growing season.

Long-term effects of CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment on bud phenology and shoot growth patterns of Norway spruce juvenile trees