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CG14E01 “Isla Larga” is a site with a moundlike structure (cerrito de indios) located in Rocha (Uruguay), with a chronology spanning the period from 3600 years BP to the 17th century. Evidence of various interethnic interactions has been found at the site, namely, two Tupiguarani urns and some European glass beads. Connected with this evidence, three primary burials, one male and two female, were recovered. The goal of this paper is to analyze the complete mitochondrial genome of the female individuals, one of which shows perimortem trauma. The DNA of both individuals was extracted from teeth, and their mitochondrial genome sequence was obtained by means of high through put sequencing. The authenticity of the sequences was verified through the analysis of postmortem DNA damage in the mapped reads. Both individuals were found to belong to a previously unregistered haplotype of the founding American haplogroup C1b, sharing the mutations 185A, 3116T, 3203T, 14397G, and 14502C. In view of the considerations made by other researchers about the mounds as territorial markers, the possibility that this structure could have served as a burial location for individuals related by kinship gains strength. On the other hand, the elements of the context and the evidence of trauma allow a second perspective, related to the interethnic dynamics described in the regional ethnohistorical record.

ANÁLISIS DEL GENOMA MITOCONDRIAL DE DOS INDIVIDUOS INHUMADOS EN EL SITIO ARQUEOLÓGICO CG14E01 “ISLA LARGA” (ROCHA, URUGUAY)