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Backgound and Objectives: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a pulmonary infection that occurs 48 to 72 hours after endotracheal intubation and institution of mechanical ventilation, being considered one of the most feared adverse effects of intensive care therapy. Its incidence affects 10-30% of patients as an important cause of morbidity and mortality, of which mortality rate can exceed 25%. Modifiable risk factors are seen as crucial in decision-making for its treatment and prevention. Thus, the modifiable risk factors for pneumonia associated with invasive mechanical ventilation in patients admitted to the intensive care unit were described. Methods: This is a literature review carried out at Lilacs, SciELO, MEDLINE and Bdenf databases, to collect and summarize publications and subsequently, critically evaluate the risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Results: The inappropriate or indiscriminate use of antibiotics, lack of knowledge about the microbiota of the ICU and non compliance of the team regarding preventive measures predominated. Conclusion: Professionals must be made aware of the identified risk factors in order to carry out direct actions with short-term impact in the prevention and effective control of ventilator-associated pneumonia.

FATORES DE RISCO MODIFICÁVEIS PARA PNEUMONIA ASSOCIADA À VENTILAÇÃO MECÂNICA EM TERAPIA INTENSIVA