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Summary Timely diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic rejection after organ transplantation are very important for the improvement in allograft and patient survival. In addition, over-immune suppression increases the risk of infection, cancer, and drug side effects. Although allograft biopsy with conventional histologic examination remains the gold standard for diagnosing rejection, a non-invasive procedure that can be used as the early diagnostic tools is necessary for detection of allograft rejection considering the safety of repetitive biopsies. Emerging data suggest that development of non-invasive biomarkers applied for prediction of allograft rejection is feasible. MicroRNA-mediated RNA interference appears to play an important role in modulating the immune response. Many studies indicate that microRNAs that are selectively and/or highly expressed in immune cells have a permissive effect on the maturation, proliferation and differentiation of myeloid and lymphoid cells. In this mini review study, we summarized the immune-related microRNAs and hypothesized the predictive value of microRNAs in evaluating immune status and predicting the development of immune rejection in transplant recipients.

Differential microRNA Expression in Peripheral Blood as a useful Predictor for Immune Status after Solid Organ Transplantation