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Agriculture crop residues have been effectively utilized as substrates for mushroom cultivation from ancient times. For cultivation of edible mushrooms from these substrates requires various pre-treatments in order to promote the growth of mushroom mycelium by excluding other competitor microorganism. The various pre-treatments such as hot water boiling, pasteurization by hot water and chemical, sterilization, steam treatments etc. are employed cross the world. However, pretreatment specifically the sterilisation is not an ideal disinfection method for mushroom substrate, since it kills both beneficial and harmful organisms in the substrate. In this context, the pasteurization will not only arrests the growth of competitor fungi such as Coprinus cinereus, Trichoderma harzianum and Coprinus comatus but also breakdown the lignin and cellulose compounds in substrate for enzymatic degradation and make the substrate more favourable for mycelial growth. Studies have proven that pasteurisation of the substrate seems to be an ideal disinfection method which permits regrowth of beneficial organisms during the cooling period. This paper presents an outline on the utilisation of agro residues as substrate in mushroom cultivation; various chemical and non-chemical sterilization and pasteurisation methods with their benefits and drawbacks in mushroom cultivation. The information generated in this paper shows the lack of knowledge on pasteurization equipment which offers a great potential to develop simple and low cost pasteurization equipments for a successful long term mushroom cultivation business. More policies are required to promote the mushroom cultivation which is an eco-friendly disposal of agriculture crop wastes. This would inturn positively influence the overall human nutrition, and improve the economic standards of families.

Agriculture crop residues disinfection methods and their effects on mushroom growth