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There are many theoretical and experimental studies on structure and rheology of immiscible polymer blends with the droplet/matrix structure. The average size and sizedistribution of dispersed phases after steady flow have been studied in detail, and then the average size can be predicted and controlled. It has been shown by our series of studies on droplet deformation and stress after application of step shear strains that the shear stress due to the interface in polymer blends with the droplet/matrix structure can be predicted rather well based on the Doi-Ohta theory from observed shapes and dimensions of the deformed droplets. On the other hand, the bicontinuous structure is formed in binary polymer blends usually when the interfacial tension is relatively small (smaller than ca. 3 mN/m) and the viscosity of each component is similar, with the composition around 50/50 in volume. The three dimensional (3D) network of the bicontinuous structure is very difficult to imagine through two dimensional (2D) observations by optical or electron microscopes. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy, Jinnai et al. made 3D observation of the bicontinuous structure at the later stage of spinodal decomposition for a polybutadiene/deuterated-polybutadiene blend at the critical composition of 54/46 vol%. An addition reaction of anthracene is made to polybutadiene prior to the observation by laser scanning confocal microscopy to enhance the contrast of the component. From the structure analysis based on the 3D thinning algorithm, 85 % of the number of branches at a junction point of the network is found to be 3. The distribution of distance between adjacent junction points is very broad, and there appears two broad peaks in the distribution curve. Recently, Nishikawa et al. developed an apparatus and computer algorithm for high contrast X-ray computerized tomography (CT) to observe 3D structures of polymer blends and polymer composites. By optimization of X-ray energy based on the X-ray absorption coefficient of the constituent elements and on the polymer contrast survey, nondestructive 3D observations become possible without staining for blends of many combinations of polymers including ternary blends and for polymer composites Creep Behavior of a Polymer Blend Melt and 3D Observation of the Deformed Bicontinuous Structure by a High-contrast X-ray CT