English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

biology (Dale & Moran 2006), and molecular sur veys to detect arthropod-associated microbes have bypassed the necessity of culturing them in vitro for identification (Darby & Welburn 2006). To date, no consistent method has been developed to eliminate microbial DNA from the external surfaces of arthropods prior to conducting molec ular surveys of endosymbionts. This is problem atic because resolving the relationships between a host and its endosymbionts can be complicated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA from contaminating external microbes (Thornhill et al. 2008). A variety of techniques that may kill microbes on arthropod surfaces have been reported, including washing with ace tone (Fukatsu & Nikoh 1998), ethanol (Davidson et al. 1994; Van Borm et al. 2002), bleach (David son et al. 1994), formaldehyde (Duperchy & Zim mermann 2003), exposure to ultraviolet light (Van Borm et al. 2002), radiation (Duperchy & Zimmermann 2003) and antibiotic treatment (Duperchy & Zimmermann 2003). However, the effectiveness of these methods for eliminating DNA from external microbes so that it is not am plified in subsequent PCRs has not been evalu ated. DNA from contaminating external fungi should be eliminated, if possible, prior to deter mining if there are endosymbiotic fungi associ ated with a laboratory colony of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Examples of fungal endosymbionts have been reported in association with other hemipteran insects, including aphids and plan thoppers (Noda et al. 1994; Fukatsu & Ishikawa 1995; Hongoh & Ishikawa 2000). A laboratory col ony of D. citri (Skelley & Hoy 2004) was used to evaluate a variety of solutions (Table 1) for their ability to kill surface-inhabiting fungi and to eliminate their DNA so that they could not be de tected using a high-fidelity PCR protocol. Adult D. citri in this colony support an abundance of exter nal fungal growth, primarily on the ventral por tion of their abdomens. This is due to being reared 702 Florida Entomologist 91(4) December 2008

Removal of Fungal Contaminants and their DNA from the Surface of Diaphorina citri (hemiptera: psyllidae) Prior to a Molecular Survey of Endosymbionts