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Hydrogen (H2) storage technologies have been actively studied in recent years to meet the future global demand for greatly increased H2 supplies. Currently, storage and transport of H2 relies on high pressure gas cylinders, but safety and efficiency continue to raise concerns. Therefore, other solutions to the problems of H2 supply and storage are strongly required. Liquid chemical H2 storage materials or hydrogen carriers, such as methanol, methylcyclohexane and ammonia, are presently considered as a promising solution strategy1)~3). H2 can be incorporated into these carriers by chemical conversion for easy handling and efficient storage. In the last four decades, formic acid (FA) has been investigated as a hydrogen carrier4)~24), because FA is a non-toxic liquid at room temperature, contains 4.3 wt% H2, and requires little energy for interconversion between FA and H2/carbon dioxide (CO2). Our previous studies of high pressure H2 gas supply using dehydrogenation of FA without a compressor have gained global recognition25),26). In contrast, other hydrogen carriers cannot easily produce high pressure H2 gas without extra equipment and energy consumption. Such characteristics of FA are extremely important because the commercial production of high pressure H2 gas presently requires large amounts of energy for the compression process. FA is available as a byproduct of industrial acetic acid synthesis from carbon monoxide (CO) and water, and can also be obtained by the conversion of biomass, which is a renewable resource27). An interesting approach is the synthesis of FA from H2 and CO2 using homogeneous catalysts4),5),28), which can be regarded as a H2 storage system with CO2 utilization (Fig. 1). We recently reported the catalytic dehydrogenation of FA using a bipyridine-based homogeneous catalyst in aqueous media29),30). Unlike most previous findings, 53 Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute, 60, (1), 53-62 (2017)

Iridium Catalysts with Diazole-containing Ligands for Hydrogen Generation by Formic Acid Dehydrogenation