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Adult parasitoids frequently require access to food and adequate microclimates to maximize host location and parasitization. Realized levels of parasitism in the Þeld can be signiÞcantly inßuenced by the quantity and distribution of extra-host resources. Previous studies have demon- strated a signiÞcant effect of landscape structure on parasitism of the armyworm Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). As a possible mechanism underlying this pattern, we inves- tigated the effect of carbohydrate food sources on the longevity and fecundity of armyworm para- sitoids under laboratory conditions of varying temperature, host availability, and mating status. Glyptapanteles militaris (Walsh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) adults lived signiÞcantly longer when provided with honey as food and when reared at 20C versus 25C. Meteorus communis (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) adults also lived signiÞcantly longer when provided with honey, although longevity was reduced when females were provided hosts. Honey-fed females of M. communis parasitized signiÞcantly more hosts because of their increased longevity, but did not differ in daily oviposition from females provided only water. Mating signiÞcantly increased parasitism by honey-fed M. communis, but not those provided water alone. These results indicate that the presence of both carbohydrate resources and moderated microclimates may signiÞcantly increase the life span and parasitism of these parasitoids. However, the greater longevity and lower daily rate of oviposition of M. communis suggest that food and microclimate resources are more critical for this species than for the shorter lived, gregarious G. militaris. These Þndings contribute to our understanding of how these two parasitoids respond to landscape complexity.

environmental entomology

Effect of Food Resources on Adult &lt;I&gt;Glyptapanteles militaris&lt;/I&gt; and &lt;I&gt;Meteorus communis&lt;/I&gt; (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Parasitoids of &lt;I&gt;Pseudaletia unipuncta&lt;/I&gt; (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)