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The principal agents of Fusarium head blight in the main cropping area of Argentina were investigated in heavily infected samples. The ability of the isolates to produce trichothecenes was determined by GC and HPLC. Fusarium graminearum was the predominant species and of 33 isolates, 10 produced deoxinivalenol (DON) (0.1- 29 mg kg-1), 13 produced both deoxinivalenol (1.0- 708 mg kg-1) and nivalenol (0.1- 6.2mg kg-1), 12 produced 3-acetyldeoxinivalenol (0.1- 14 mg kg-1), 13 produced 15-acetyldeoxinivalenol (0.1- 1.9 mg kg-1), 10 produced Fusarenone X (0.1- 2.4 mg kg-1) and 7 produced zearalenone (0.1- 0.6 mg kg-1). These results suggest that F. graminearum strains isolated from the wheat growing regions in Argentina belong to DON chemotype. Although some strains produced both deoxinivalenol and nivalenol, nivalenol was produced in lower levels. The natural occurrence of nivalenol in wheat affected by head-blight collected in the main production area during two years (2001-2002) was also determined. From 19 samples 13 were contaminated with deoxinivalenol in a range of 0.3 to 70 mg kg-1and 2 samples with both deoxinivalenol (7.5 and 6.7 mg kg-1) and nivalenol (0.05 and 0.1 mg kg-1), respectively. This is the first report of natural occurrence of nivalenol in wheat cultivate in Argentina. O principal causador de giberela no trigo na Argentina e sua capacidade de produzir tricotecenos foram estudados por GC e HPLC em amostras altamente infectadas. A espécie predominante foi Fusarium graminearum, sendo que de um total de 33 isolados, 10 produziram deoxinivalenol (0,1-29 mg kg -1), 13 produziram deoxinivalenol (1,0-708 mg kg-1) e nivalenol (0,1-6,2 mg kg-1), 12 produziram 3-acetildeoxinivalenol (0,1-14 mg kg-1), 13 produziram 15-acetildeoxinivalenol (0,1-1,9 mg kg-1), 10 produziram fusarenona X (0,1- 2,4 mg kg-1) e 7 produziram zearalenona (0,1- 0,6 mg kg-1). Esses resultados sugerem que as cepas de F. graminearum isoladas de trigo cultivado na Argentina pertencem ao quimiotipo DON. Embora algumas cepas tenham produzido tanto DON quanto NIV, NIV foi produzido em quantidade inferior ao DON. A ocorrência natural de nivalenol em trigo afetado pela giberela coletado na principal área de produção durante dois anos (2001-2002) foi também determinada. De 19 amostras, 13 estavam contaminadas com deoxinivalenol na faixa de 0,3 a 70 mg kg-1 e 2amostras continham tanto deoxinivalenol (7,5 e 6,7 mg kg-1) quanto nivalenol (0,05 e 0,1 mg kg-1), respectivamente. Esse é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de nivalenol em trigo cultivado na Argentina

Natural occurrence of nivalenol and mycotoxigenic potential of Fusarium graminearum strains in wheat affected by head blight in Argentina