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The mycoflora of 3 hybrids of freshly harvested corn grains collected from three regions of the state of São Paulo, Brazil (Assis, Capão Bonito and Ribeirão Preto) was investigated. A total of 66 samples were analyzed focusing on the influence of abiotic factors (moisture content, water activity, temperature and rainfall) on both the prevalence of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme, and the ability of these genera isolates to produce aflatoxins and fumonisins, respectively. In the three surveyed regions, the fungal population comprised mainly Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp. and 2 others filamentous fungal genera, which were isolated from corn kernels showing water activity of 0.30 to 0.99 and moisture content of 5.0% to 20.2%. Among the genera Fusarium and Aspergillus, the most frequent species were F. moniliforme and A. flavus, respectively. Concerning the toxigenic potential of F. moniliforme, all isolated strains (40) produced fumonisins at 20 mug/g to 2168 mug/g (FB1) and/or 10 mug/g to 380 mug/g (FB2). From the 10 A. flavus isolates, 6 strains (60.0%) produced aflatoxins at 615 mug/kg to 30.750 mug/kg (AFB1) and/or 11 mug/kg to 22 mug/kg (AFB2).A microbiota fúngica de 66 amostras de três híbridos de grãos de milho recém-colhido, provenientes de 3 regiões do Estado de São Paulo - Brasil (Assis, Capão Bonito e Ribeirão Preto), foram analisadas perante a influência dos fatores abióticos (teor de umidade, atividade de água, precipitação pluvial e temperatura média) na frequência de isolamento de fungos, bem como a potencialidade toxigênica das cepas de Aspergillus flavus e Fusarium moniliforme quanto à produção de aflatoxinas e fumonisinas, respectivamente. As análises microbiológicas demonstraram predominância de Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp. e Aspergillus spp. e outros dois gêneros de fungos filamentosos, isolados de grãos com atividade de água entre 0,30 e 0,99 e teor de umidade entre 5,0% e 20,2%. Entre Fusarium spp, F.moniliforme foi a mais frequentemente isolada, enquanto que, em relação ao gênero Aspergillus, predominou A. flavus nas três regiões. Todas as cepas de Fusarium moniliforme isoladas (40), produziram fumonisinas, que variaram de 20 mg/g a 2168 mg/g (FB1) e 10 mg/g a 380 mg/g (FB2). Referente a 10 cepas de Aspergillus flavus isoladas, 6 cepas (60,0%) produziram aflatoxinas, que variaram de 615 mg/kg a 30.750 mg/kg (AFB1) e 11 mg/kg a 22 mg/kg (AFB2)

Mycoflora and aflatoxin/fumonisin production by fungal isolates from freshly harvested corn hybrids