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O leflunomide é uma droga anti-reumática com ação imunomoduladora. Pneumonia intersticial granulomatosa nunca foi descrita com o uso de leflunomide. Relata-se o caso de uma mulher de 33 anos que apresentou dor torácica, emagrecimento e síndrome infecciosa respiratória no quinto mês de monoterapia com leflunomide para artrite reumatóide, progredindo para insuficiência respiratória no sexto mês. A radiografia de tórax revelou infiltrado pulmonar intersticial e alveolar bilateral predominando em lobos superior e médio, micronódulos esparsos e ausência de alterações mediastinais. Suspendeu-se o leflunomide. Após a resolução da infecção persistiram lesões intersticiais retículo-nodulares predominantemente na periferia dos terços superiores do pulmão direito e terço médio do pulmão esquerdo, entremeadas por padrão de vidro fosco em lobos superiores. Biópsia pulmonar a céu aberto revelou granulomas tuberculóides sem necrose central. Foi realizada extensa investigação etiológica, que resultou negativa. Ocorreu resolução espontânea do quadro após quatro meses. O quadro sugere que as manifestações pulmonares neste caso foram causadas pelo leflunomide. Leflunomide is an anti-rheumatic drug with immunomodulating effects. Granulomatous interstitial pneumonia has never been described in association with the use of this drug. We report the case of a 33-year-old female patient who presented with chest pain, weight loss and pulmonary infectious syndrome during the fifth month of monotherapy with leflunomide for rheumatoid arthritis, which advanced to respiratory insufficiency in the sixth month. Radiologic findings revealed pulmonary intersticial infiltrates, as well as bilateral alveolar infiltrates (mainly in the upper and medium lobes) and scattered micronodules. However, no mediastinal abnormalities were detected. Leflunomide was suspended. After resolution of the infection, interstitial reticulonodular lesions persisted, predominantly in the upper 2/3 of the right lung and in the center of the left lung, interspersed with a ground-glass pattern in the superior lobes. Surprisingly, pulmonary biopsy revealed tuberculoid granulomas without caseous necrosis. A thorough etiological investigation was carried out, but no etiologic agent was identified. After four months, the condition spontaneously and completely disappeared. This profile suggests that the pulmonary complications seen in this case were the result of leflunomide use

Pneumonite intersticial em paciente sob tratamento com leflunomide: toxicidade da droga?