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O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar um estudo etnobotânico sobre as plantas medicinais utilizadas pelos moradores do assentamento Monjolinho, Anastácio, Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram entrevistados através do método bola de neve 35 moradores (33 mulheres). As espécies (210) pertencem a 72 famílias, destacando-se as nativas do Cerrado, sendo o restante cultivado próximos das casas. Fabaceae e Asteraceae foram as mais citadas. Das 23 espécies de Fabaceae, 20 são nativas. As espécies que obtiveram o maior número de citações foram jatobá (Hymenaea spp.) e o barbatimão (Stryphnodendron obovatum Benth.) e as com índice de concordância de uso (CUP) alto foram barbatimão (S. obovatum) e cancorosa (Maytenus ilicifolia (Schrad.) Planch). As folhas foram as partes mais utilizadas. As doenças do aparelho respiratório e geniturinário foram as mais citadas. A diversidade (H'= 5,03) de uso das espécies é alta. O conhecimento foi adquirido entre amigos (37%), cursos (17%) ou família (39%) e mostra que, ao longo do tempo, há expressivo aproveitamento das espécies medicinais e conhecimento da comunidade. This work carried out an ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal plants used by the inhabitants of the Monjolinho settlement in Anastácio city, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The goal of this work was to verify how residents congregate information brought from their place with information obtained where they live now, and to verify how the knowledge of spontaneous and native species from cerrado varies in relation to the specie cultivated. A total of 35 inhabitants were interviewed using the snowball method (33 women). The species (210) recorded belong to 72 families. Of these, many are native Cerrado species and the remaining species are cultivated next to the houses. Fabaceae and Asteraceae were the most cited families. Of the 23 species of Fabaceae, 20 are native. The species with the highest number of citations were jatobá (Hymenaea spp.) and barbatimão (Stryphnodendron obovatum Benth.). Those with a high agreement index of use (CUP) were barbatimão (S. obovatum) and cancorosa (Maytenus ilicifolia (Schrad.) Planch). Leaves represented the most used parts. Diseases of the respiratory and genitourinary systems were cited. The species use diversity (H' = 5,03) was high. The information was acquired from friends (37%), courses (17%) or family (39%), and shows that there is use of medicinal species, and knowledge about these plants, in the community

Etnobotânica de Plantas Medicinais no Assentamento Monjolinho, município de Anastácio, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil