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Gilberto Freyre is traditionally identified, along with other important commentators of the 1930s, with one of the major turning points in Brazilian thought, moving towards a greater commitment to historical and sociological objectivity and to the critique of Brazil’s social formation. His work has also been recognised as belonging to a lineage of authors who, after the rise of the Republic, devoted themselves to the historical review of the social and political formation of the colony and the Empire. Thus Ângela de Castro Gomes (2000) suggests that, without denying the major theoretical and methodological innovation introduced by Freyre in his interpretation of Brazil’s colonial legacy in Casa-grande & senzala (translated into English as The masters and the slaves), his work displays similarities with the collective endeavour of diverse historians active during the first decades of the Republican experiment – concentrated especially at the IHGB (Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro) – to rethink the nature of historiographic work and the use of historical methods and sources that went beyond an attempted Republican mythological reconstruction of the Brazilian past. Viewed from a political angle, Freyre has recently been situated within a conservative culturalist line of Brazilian thought, opposed to the modernization promoted both by statist nationalism and by liberal cosmopolitanism (Lynch, 2017). The first work by Freyre to have an impact on Brazilian social thought was Casagrande & senzala, published in 1933, in which the author accounts for the forma-

THE CULTURALIST CONSERVATISM OF GILBERTO FREYRE: SOCIETY, DECLINE AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN SOBRADOS E MUCAMBOS (1936)