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Small ruminant lentiviruses, caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, and Maedi-Visna virus cause diseases that result in significant productive losses, mostly in dairy animals. These viruses belong to the Retroviridae family, Lentivirus genus, and constitute a heterogeneous group, which may generate implications for the diagnosis and control of small ruminant lentiviruses. Losses caused by them are associated with reproductive failure, short productive life, and decreased milk production by the infected animals. In addition, these viruses may reduce milk quality, affecting the production of dairy products such as cheese. Small ruminant lentiviruses lead to indirect losses, decreasing herd value and forcing the development of epidemiological trade barriers for animal germplasm. Control of small ruminant lentiviruses is important to promote optimal milk production and to reduce costs with medicine and technical assistance. This control may vary in caprine and ovine populations of each country, according to seroprevalence, variety of breeds, and peculiarities of the practiced management. [Lentiviroses de pequenos ruminantes: perdas produtivas e economicas, consequencias da doenca]. Resumo: Os lentivirus de pequenos ruminantes, o virus da artrite encefalite caprina e o virus Maedi-Visna causam enfermidades que ocasionam perdas produtivas significativas, principalmente em animais com aptidao leiteira. Esses virus pertencem a familia Retroviridae e ao genero Lentivirus e formam um grupo genetico heterogeneo, o que pode ocasionar implicacoes para o diagnostico e o controle dos lentivirus de pequenos ruminantes. As perdas causadas pelos lentivirus de pequenos ruminantes estao relacionadas com falhas reprodutivas, vida produtiva curta e diminuicao da producao leiteira dos animais infectados. Alem disso, esses virus podem promover a reducao da qualidade do leite, afetando a producao de laticinios, tal como o queijo. Os lentivirus de pequenos ruminantes levam a perdas indiretas, reduzindo o valor dos rebanhos e forcando o desenvolvimento de barreiras comerciais epidemiologicas para germoplasma animal. O controle dos lentivirus de pequenos ruminantes e importante para promover uma maior producao de leite e reduzir os custos com medicamentos e assistencia tecnica. Esse controle pode variar de acordo com a populacao caprina e ovina de cada pais em termos de soroprevalencia, variedade de racas e particularidades do manejo adotado

Small ruminant lentiviruses: economic and productive losses, consequences of the disease