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Very little is known about the differences of the neurocognitive functioning of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Paediatric Bipolar Disorder (PBD), since current studies do not agree on a differentiation of Executive Function (EF) between the two disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the EF deficits associated with symptomatology of ADHD and the PBD phenotype. Participants were 76 children/adolescents aged 6-17 years and their parents, submitted to a diagnostic interview and a tool for assessing EF, Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Structural Equation Modeling was used to examine associations between symptoms of ADHD and the PBD phenotype, and the EF. A model for parents and a model for children/adolescents were performed. The model indexes showed a satisfactory fit. ADHD was found to be associated with deficits in all areas of EF, especially when the predominant symptom is inattention. The presence of symptoms of PBD phenotype was associated only with difficulties in finding new strategies to solve problems and inhibiting new behaviour. The article concluded that the presence of ADHD symptoms is associated with cognitive deficits different from those that may occur with PBD symptoms. It is advisable that professionals consider patients' neurocognitive profiles in order to achieve an appropriate differential diagnosisAinda é pouco o que se sabe do funcionamento do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH) e do Transtorno Bipolar Pediátrico (TBP), já que atualmente os investigadores não concordam quanto a uma diferenciação da Função Executiva (FE) nos dois transtornos. O objetivo deste estudo é determinar os déficits da FE associados às sintomatologias de TDAH e do fenótipo do TBP. Foram avaliados 76 crianças/adolescentes com idades entre 6-17 anos e seus pais, com uma entrevista diagnóstica e um instrumento para avaliação da FE, Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Modelos de equações estruturais foram usados para examinar associações entre a sintomatologia de TDAH e do fenótipo de TBP, e a FE. Foi realizado um modelo para pais e outro para crianças/adolescentes. Os índices do modelo indicaram um ajuste satisfatório. Foi encontrado que o TDAH está associado a deficiências em todas as áreas da FE, sobretudo se a sintomatologia predominante é a desatenção. A presença de sintomatologia do fenótipo de TBP somente apresentou associação a dificuldades na busca de novas estratégias na solução de problemas e na inibição de novas condutas. Conclui-se que a presença de sintomatologia de TDAH está associada a deficiências cognitivas diferentes das que podem estar presentes no TBP. É recomendável que os profissionais considerem o perfil neurocognitivo de seus pacientes para alcançarem um diagnóstico diferencial adequad

Executive Function Associated to Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Paediatric Bipolar Disorder