English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

BACKGROUND    Scedosporium apiospermum  is a ubiquitous, emerging and multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen with still rather unknown virulence mechanisms.    OBJECTIVES/METHODS   The cellular basis of the  in vitro  interaction between fungi and host cells/tissues is the determinant factor for the development of a successful  in vivo  infection. Herein, we evaluated the interaction of  S. apiospermum  conidia with lung epithelial (A549), lung fibroblast (MRC-5) and RAW 264.7 macrophages by light and scanning/transmission electron microscopy.    FINDINGS   After 4 h of fungi-host cell contact, the percentage of infected mammalian cells and the number of fungi per infected cell was measured by light microscopy, and the following association indexes were calculated for A549, MRC-5 and macrophage cells: 73.2 ± 25.9, 69.7 ± 22.5 and 59.7 ± 11.1, respectively. Both conidia and germinated conidia were regularly observed interacting with the evaluated cells, with a higher prevalence of non-germinated conidia. Interestingly, nests of germinated conidia were evidenced at the surface of lung cells by scanning electron microscopy. Some germination projections and hyphae were seen penetrating/evading the mammalian cells. Furthermore, internalised conidia were seen within vacuoles as visualised by transmission electron microscopy.    MAIN CONCLUSIONS   The present study contributes to a better understanding of  S. apiospermum  pathogenesis by demonstrating the first steps of the infection process of this opportunistic fungus.

Ultrastructural viewpoints on the interaction events of Scedosporium apiospermum conidia with lung and macrophage cells