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The terpene trilactones (TTLs) are believed to be important for the pharmacological properties of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) is a critical enzyme involved in the biosynthetic pathway of TTLs. In this study, an 1.2-kb fragment of 5 â€™ flanking region of the HMGR gene ( GbHMGR ), was isolated from G. biloba by genome walking. Extensive sequence analysis revealed the presence of evolutionarily conserved and over-represented putative cis -acting elements in light-regulated transcription,  hormone signaling (gibberellic acid, jasmonate and salicylic acid), elicitor and stress responses (cold/dehydration responses), and plant defense signaling (W-box/WRKY) that are common to the promoter region of GbHMGR . EMSA analysis suggested possible functionality of W-box in GbHMGR promoter region. The behavior of gene transcripts in ginkgo callus upon light, low temperature, MeJA and SA treatments further verified the regulatory function of GbHMGR promoter. A significant positive relationship between gene expression level and total TTL contents suggested that GbHMGR might be one of key genes involved in TTL biosynthesis in G. biloba .

notulae botanicae horti agrobotanici cluj-napoca

Promoter Analysis and Transcriptional Profiling of Ginkgo biloba 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase (GbHMGR) gene in Abiotic Stress Responses