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Reducing mineral N fertilizer application rate and improving N use efficiency is important for sustainable agriculture. Whether straw return could substitute partial mineral N fertilizer in the applying year is still not conclusive in the case of spring corn planting in Northeast China. This work was conducted to investigate the optimal substitution rate through a field experiment with no fertilization (CK), 100% mineral N (IF), 25%/50%/75%/100% straw application combined with reduced mineral N fertilizer (S25/ S50/ S75/ S100) at a total of 240 kg N/hm application rate in Jilin Province, Northeast China. The results showed that there was no significant difference in corn yield between straw application treatments and IF except for S100, which was 11.1% lower. Compared to IF, corn straw application did not affect N uptake amount and nitrogen harvest index (p > 0.05), while S75 obviously increased N use efficiency by 29.6%. Straw application decreased NO3-N content and resisted downward migration in the soil profile. In conclusion, integrated application of 75% corn straw with reduced mineral N fertilizer at a total of 240 kg N/hm was a reasonable fertilization practice as it reduced NO3-N content and prevented leaching in soil profile as well as increased N use efficiency without negative effect on corn yield.

EFFECT OF STRAW SUBSTITUTING PARTIAL MINERAL N FERTILIZER ON N DISTRIBUTION OF MAIZE PLANTS AND SOIL IN NORTHEAST CHINA