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Ecological research on algae from Algeria and in particular on freshwater and estuarine diatoms remains insufficient. The aim of our work is to contribute to the taxonomy and ecology of benthic diatoms from freshwaters and estuaries in Algeria. For this purpose, we studied two sites of water courses in north-western Algeria: El-Hammam stream at Mascara and the estuary of Cheliff river at Mostaganem. Our inventory of benthic diatoms during dry season at the middle of El-Hammam stream during April, June and August 2010 led to the identification of 44 cosmopolitan species, while 30 species occurred at the mouth of Cheliff river. 10 taxa were recorded for the first time in Algeria. Diversity values (Species richness, Shannon's index and Equitability index) for the two study sites are generally medium to low. The results of the 17 diatom-based metrics tested show that ROTT trophic index (TID) and the Trophic Diatom Index (TDI) best mirrored water quality, but a revision of taxa autecological values is

DIVERSITY AND ECOLOGY OF DIATOMS IN NORTHWEST OF ALGERIA: CASE OF EL-HAMMAM STREAM AND ESTUARY OF CHELIFF RIVER