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In the course of optimization of compositions of alkaline hydro-aluminosilicates of general structural formula – (0,7÷1Na 2 O+0÷0,3K 2 O)·Al 2 O 3 ·(2÷7)SiO 2 ·nH 2 O, it is established that the phase composition of artificial stone depends more on the ratio of basic oxides; the temperature of hardening in the range of 20÷80 °С increases the speed of structure formation of zeolite-like phases. A determining factor of influence on the type of hydrated new formations is the ratio of SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ; its increase leads to the creation of zeolite-like phases with high content of silica in its composition. At hardening of alkaline hydro-aluminosilicate of the given structural forms under standard conditions of hardening, providing for a high degree of crystallinity of structure, optimal is the ratio SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 =4÷5. Introduction of potassium ions into the composition of hydro-aluminosilicate contributes to obtaining potassium and sodium–potassium zeolite–like new formations and to increasing the degree of crystallinity of the indicated phases. To accelerate the structure formation of alkaline hydro-aluminosilicate under standard conditions of hardening, it is necessary to introduce potassium oxide at K 2 O/R 2 O=0,15÷0,3. With an increase in the temperature of hardening of alkaline hydro-aluminosilicate from 20 to 80 °, the phase composition of artificial stone remains practically unchanged; however, this leads to an increase in the velocity of structure formation and the degree of crystallinity of artificial stone. As a result of optimization, we determined optimum structural formula of hydro-aluminosilicate (0,8Na 2 O+0,2K 2 O)·Al 2 O 3 ·4,5SiO 2 ·nH 2 O, which makes it possible under standard conditions of hardening to obtain water-resistant artificial stone by the synthesis in the composition of hydrated new formations of zeolite-like minerals of the type of zeolite Na–A; sodium and potassium heulandite, as well as sodium potassium phillipsite.

Influence of the ratio of oxides and temperature on the structure formation of alkaline hydro-aluminosilicates