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Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a form of sleep disorder characterised by blockages in the upper respiratory tract for 10 seconds or more during sleep.1-3 As the most common sleep disorder, 10% of adults in the worldwide are estimated to suffer from OSAS.4,5 The prevalence of OSAS in the general population, around 11.4% for men and 4.7% for women and is expected to increase every year.6 OSAS screening can be done using the Berlin questionnaire and the Epworth Sleepness Scale (ESS) questionnaire.7 But, the gold standard for diagnosis of OSAS can definitely use polysomnography (PSG).8 PSG is a device that can show brain electrical activity, respiration, oxygen saturation during sleep and the severity of OSAS measured by Apnea-Hypopnea Index (apnea-hypopnea index, AHI).9–11 Apart from all clinical and scientific advances regarding OSAS, most (70-90%) people affected by OSAS remain undiagnosed.6 Lack of patient awareness, medical personnel have not received the training needed to help speed up case finding, and the high price of PSG examinations as gold OSAS standards are the cause of many undiagnosed OSAS patients. Therefore, knowledge of risk factors for OSAS is important to direct diagnostic attention to those with the highest risk.4,8 Risk factors for OSAS include obesity, middle age, menopause in women, large neck circumference, craniofacial structural abnormalities, and upper airway structural abnormalities.10 In children, the main cause of OSAS is tonsillar and adenoid hypertrophy, which can increase airway resistance.12 Whereas in adults, OSAS is often associated with obesity. Obesity can change the volume and anatomical shape of the airways thereby reducing upper airway volume.13 Various studies have shown that there is a relationship between upper airway structure abnormalities and OSAS in children and the elderly. One of Factors that play a role in the pathogenesis of OSAS is craniofacial abnormalities ranging from the nose to the hypopharynx which can cause narrowing in the upper airway. This regional abnormality can produce high resistance. This resistance also predisposes to the collapse of the upper airway. Pharyngeal collapse is found in 81% of 64 OSA patients and 75% of them have more than one upper airway constriction.14 ABSTRACT

The correlation of upper airway abnormalities with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in young adult