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Background: Cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell growth and angiogenesis as a vital component in tumor growth and metastasis. Angiogenesis provides nutrients needed by cancer cells in order to grow. Angiogenesis is triggered by pro-angiogenic mediators and overexpression of these mediators have been associated with malignant phenotype of ovarian cancer. It is thought that the more advanced tumors have higher tumor cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis, so that it will show higher expression of pro-angiogenesis mediators. Objective: To examine the differences in nerve growth factor (NGF), tyrosin kinase receptor A (TrkA), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression level in different stages of epithelial ovarian cancer. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted from June to August 2019 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in association with the Department of Anatomic Pathology of Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia. The staging of the epithelial ovarian cancer was determined using the FIGO 2014 staging system. NGF, TrkA, and VEGF expression level were determined using immunohistochemical examination. Results:The samples were 53 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ovary, its adnexa, uterus, and lymph nodes tissue blocks of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. There are statistically significant differences in the proportion of NGF, TrkA, and VEGF level of expression in different stages of epithelial ovarian cancer (p<0.05). Conclusion: There are statistically significant differences in NGF, TrkA, and VEGF level of expression in different stages of epithelial ovarian cancer.

A cross-sectional study: The correlation of pro-angiogenic factors expression level and epithelial ovarian cancer staging