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Background: Pain resulting from the stone passage is one of the most severe and intractable pain experiences. The aim of our study is evaluating the effect of intra-muscular ketorolac on pain reduction; reduce the length of stay and cost of patients with renal colic. Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial study which held in an academic emergency department (ED). Based on defined criteria, 222 patients with renal colic were randomized in two groups: half of them received a single intramuscular injection of 30 mg ketorolac, and other 111 patients got conventional treatment (hydration, morphine sulfate). Demographic characteristics, pain score after 30 minutes, the length of stay in ED, complications as well as hospital costs were recorded for both groups. Result: The baseline characteristics and pain score were similar in the two groups (p>0.05). Ketorolac was significantly (p<0.001) more effective than conventional treatment in reducing pain score. Those treated with ketorolac left the ED significantly earlier than those treated with conventional treatment (65.54; 95%CI, 59.7-71.5 vs. 193.1; 95%CI, 172.8-215.2 minutes, p<0.001). Drug adverse effects (nausea, dizziness, and drowsiness) and cost of ketorolac group were significantly lower than the control group (43310 Tomans (110$) (95% CI, 4259044030) vs. 150410 Tomans (350$) (95% CI, 240100-70940). (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that intramuscular ketorolac as a single agent for renal colic is cost-effective and promotes earlier discharge of renal colic patients from the ED.

bali medical journal

Comparison of intramuscular injection of ketorolac and conventional treatment in the field of cost-effectiveness, length of stay and pain relief in patients admitted to the emergency department with renal colic