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Background Little is known on the abundance of the pathogens  Bacillus anthracis  and  Burkholderia pseudomallei  in environmental samples in Cameroon. Therefore, 100 respective samples were assessed in a proof-of-principle assessment. Methods DNA residuals from nucleic acid extractions of 100 environmental samples, which were collected between 2011 and 2013 in the Mapé Basin of Cameroon, were screened for  B. anthracis  and  B. pseudomallei  by real-time PCR. The samples comprised soil samples with water contact ( n  = 88), soil samples without water contact ( n  = 6), plant material with water contact ( n  = 3), water ( n  = 2), and soil from a hospital dressing room ( n  = 1). Results B. anthracis  and  B. pseudomallei  were detected in none of the samples assessed. Conclusion The results indicate that at least a quantitatively overwhelming, ubiquitous occurrence of  B. anthracis  and  B. pseudomallei  in the environment in Cameroon is highly unlikely. However, the number and choice of the assessed samples limit the interpretability of the results.

No hints for abundance of Bacillus anthracis and Burkholderia pseudomallei in 100 environmental samples from Cameroon