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In Colombia many rivers and other inland aquatic systems, especially into the Andean Region (the most populated of the country), suffer several anthropogenic impacts related to land use and land cover compromising their water quality and quantity, and the provision of other goods and ecosystem services for the future. It is imperative that the Colombian government may initiate new and updated policies, plans, programs in constant consultation and cooperation with other institutions, civilian and environmental authorities, and researchers from the country (or elsewhere), to obtain amply responsibility on the sustainable river management, especially in this region. Thus, a more integrative watershed river assessment and related riverine issues are necessaries for the current freshwater use and management, and before that new development projects going to start. Decisionmaking regarding concerted solutions should be carried out at the lowest appropriate level, ideally involving all stakeholders into a strategic environmental assessment framework (SEA). This article discusses several issues about how all Colombians and mainly Andean people, can contribute by working together in partnerships with government under the vision and implementation of a SEA, towards a more effective and integrated sustainable management of river basins in the Andean Region and throughout country. This point-of-view is supported by a biophysical and social vision related to the Coello River Basin in Central Colombia (Department of Tolima).  RESUMEN En Colombia muchos rios y otros sistemas acuaticos continentales, especialmente en la region Andina (la mas poblada del pais), sufren varios impactos antropogenicos relacionados con cambios en la cobertura vegetal y el uso y manejo del suelo, que comprometen su calidad y cantidad de agua, y el suministro de otros bienes y servicios ecosistemicos para el futuro. Es necesario que el gobierno colombiano formule nuevas y actualice las politicas, planes o programas, en consulta y cooperacion constante con otras instituciones, autoridades civiles y ambientales, e investigadores del pais (o del exterior), para alcanzar una corresponsabilidad sobre la gestion sostenible de los rios en esta region. Esto permitira implementar una evaluacion mas integral de la cuenca y de otros aspectos riberenos, para el uso y manejo del agua dulce, en los actuales, o antes del inicio de nuevos proyectos de desarrollo. La toma de decision sobre soluciones concertadas se debe integrar desde el nivel mas bajo posible, e idealmente con participacion de todos los grupos de interes, en un marco de evaluacion ambiental estrategica (EAE). En este articulo se plantea una reflexion sobre como todos los colombianos y particularmente aquellos de la region Andina, pueden contribuir conjuntamente con el gobierno bajo la vision e implementacion de una EAE, para lograr una gestion sostenible, eficaz e integrada, de las cuencas hidrograficas de dicha region y del pais en general. Para apoyar la reflexion, se destacan algunos aspectos biofisicos y sociales relativos de la cuenca del rio Coello en la zona central del pais (departamento del Tolima).

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR PRIORITY BASINS OF THE COLOMBIAN ANDES: DILEMMAS, CHALLENGES AND NECESSITIES