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Recently, research on gene for different biological substances has attracted significant attention. Protein extraction is the first step to get the information about DNA, RNA, etc. Protein is also essential in manufacturing medicine, food and various types of biological reagents. In order to extract protein from the cell of a biological substance, cell fractionation is the first step to be performed. There are several processes for cell fractionation, such as, enzymatic digestion, cell lysis, ultrasonic fragmentation, freeze-thaw, etc. However, these methods are mostly expensive and sometimes, different types of reagents may need to be added. Therefore, a low-cost and easier method is required for cell fractionation. We have developed a methodology by using ferrite particles, whose motion is controlled using an AC voltage source with low frequency. The system works like the ball mill method, where the ferrite particles act similar to ceramic balls. The motion of ferrite particles is controlled by the magnetic flux produced by an electromagnet aligned vertically to the treatment container. As ferrite particles are not toxic to biological substances, they are kept together under AC magnetic flux. The ferrite particles collide with cells and thus cell fractionation occurs, leading to protein extraction. We have measured the protein as well as nucleic acid concentration of the treated biological substances and observed increase in protein concentration after the treatment. Thus, our method can peovide a simple and easy technique for cell fractionation in the field of protein analysis.

Cell Fractionation and Protein Extraction from Activated Sludge by Motion Control of Ferrite Particles