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Using a slowly rising DC voltage, the rapid current increase at a critical voltage and the breakdown voltage were measured in transformer oil with needleor blade-plane geometries. The mechanism of the onset of positive breakdown was studied using experimental and computed results. The computation showed that the local field strength on the planar surface is increased very much by the space charge effect in accordance with the influence of liquid motion. This leads to the generation of new charges in front of the planar surface; the charges drift towards the sharp electrode tip. Consequently, it is suggested that partial discharge at the tip is initiated; a positive streamer then starts from the tip, and breakdown ensues. The generation of new charges is confirmed not only by the dust figure method but also by the signal pulse induced on the probe.

Positive Breakdown Mechanism in Transformer Oil Subjected to a Non-Uniform DC Field