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Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are deeply contested with respect to their implications for food security and environmental sustainability. The three papers in this section effectively capture the present-day focal points of the debates over the undeniably vast topic area of genetic resources and agricultural biotechnology and their implications for food security and the environment. Noah Zerbe outlines the value of (and contestation over) plant genetic materials and rights to their use. Matthew Schnurr explores the current push into a second wave of genetically modified (GM) crops, particularly focused on developing countries. And Taarini Chopra looks back at 20 years of experience with commercialized GM crops, focusing on GM technology’s consistent failure to address issues of food security. This truly is a timely moment for taking stock of the state of global agricultural biotechnology, and it is in this moment that we find ourselves moving beyond an ideological debate on GM technology to more nuanced discussions: Does this technology make sense in the current context? Is it solving the problems underlying food insecurity and actively contributing towards environmental sustainability and the improvement of livelihoods? The three contributions in this section provide strong arguments for why agricultural biotechnology does not make sense in the current context. In this synthesis paper, we take a closer look at the role of narratives, their implications, and opportunities for course correction. Two interrelated points of focus summarize this discussion: (1) the valorization of agricultural biotechnology and a persistent dedication to technological problem-solving, and (2) the de-valorization of farmers’ contributions to biodiversity.

GRAB - SYNTHESIS The valorization of GMOs and the de-valorization of farmers’ contributions to biodiversity—Synthesis paper