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The human ovarian surface epithelium (hOSE) is a mesothelial layer that surrounds the ovary and undergoes injury and repair cycles after ovulation-associated inflammation. We previously showed that IL4 is a key regulator of progesterone bioavailability during post-ovulatory hOSE repair as it differentially up-regulated 3  β  -HSD1 and 3  β  -HSD2 mRNA transcripts and total 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity whereas it inhibited androgen receptor (AR) expression. We now show that the pro-inflammatory effect of IL1α on 3  β  -HSD1 expression is mediated by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), whereas its anti-inflammatory action on 3  β  -HSD2 expression is exerted via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and NF-κB signalling pathways. The anti-inflammatory IL4 effects on 3  β  -HSD1 and 3  β  -HSD2 mRNA expression are mediated through STAT6 and PI3K signalling networks. IL4 effects on AR and 3  β  -HSD2 expression involve the p38 MAPK pathway. We also document that IL4 up-regulates lysyl oxidase ( LOX ) mRNA transcripts, a key gene for extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and inhibits IL1α-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX-2 ) mRNA, a gene involved in breakdown of ECM, showing a further role in post-ovulatory wound healing. We conclude that IL1α and IL4 actions in the post-ovulatory wound healing of hOSE cells are mediated by different signalling transduction pathways. The p38 MAPK signalling pathway may have possible therapeutic benefit in inflammation-associated disorders of the ovary, including cancer.

IL1α and IL4 signalling in human ovarian surface epithelial cells