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Context  Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of morbidity in active acromegaly due to the increased prevalence of risk factors and arterial consequences of increased growth hormone levels. No  in vivo  study has evaluated the consequences of acromegaly on the retinal microvasculature.    Objective  The aim of this study was to identify  in vivo  the presence of morphological alterations of retinal arterioles in subjects with acromegaly.    Patients and methods  Single-center retrospective study of a cohort of 60 subjects with acromegaly, matched to 60 controls, who were referred for adaptive optics camera (AOC) from September 2014 to December 2016. Of the subjects with acromegaly, 19 had an active disease (AD) and 41 a controlled disease (CD) based on the IGF1 ratio (IGF1r). Retinal arteriolar remodeling was previously assessed using adaptive optics camera (AOC) in order to measure wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR), wall thickness (WT), internal diameter (ID) and wall cross sectional area (WCSA).    Results  WLR was significantly higher in AD subjects compared to CD subjects and controls (AD: 0.311 ± 0.06, CD: 0.279 ± 0.04, controls: 0.281 ± 0.04,  P  = 0.031). A significant positive correlation was observed between WLR and IGF-1r ( R  2  = 0.215,  P  &lt; 0.001), even after adjustment for gender, age, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the presence of dopamine agonist treatment ( R  2  = 0.406,  P  &lt; 0.001). Retinal arteriolar anatomical indices were comparable between CD and controls.    Conclusion  Active acromegaly is associated with the presence of small retinal arteriolar remodeling. These results provide new perspectives to better stratify cardiovascular risk and consequently optimize treatment in acromegaly.

IGF-1 is an independent predictor of retinal arterioles remodeling in subjects with uncontrolled acromegaly