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1847 [Lignau, 1905, sub Julus flavipes unicolor; Attems, 1907, sub P. flavipes], the Caucasus harbours an endemic species, P. krivolutskyi Golovatch, 1977. This species was first described as Iulus foetidissimus Muralewicz, 1907, but because of homonymy with Iulus foetidissimus Savi, 1819, it had to be renamed [Mauriès et al., 1997]. This species had repeatedly been referred to as Julus (Pachyiulus) flavipes (?) [Lignau, 1903], Pachyiulus flavipes continentalis [Lignau, 1911, 1915; Isaev, 1911], Julus foetidissimus [Muralewicz, 1911] or P. foetidissimus [Muralewicz, 1913; Lohmander, 1936; Lang, 1959; Kobakhidze, 1965; Striganova, 1969a, b; Striganova, Mazantseva, 1979; Lokšina, Golovatch, 1979; Talikadze, 1984] until Mauriès et al. [1997] validated Pachyiulus krivolutskyi as the proper replacement name. P. krivolutskyi was originally described from western Georgia and said to be distinguished from P. foetidissimus primarily by the lack of a colour pattern [Golovatch, 1977]. In the checklists by Lokšina, Golovatch [1979] and Talikadze [1984], both P. foetidissimus and P. krivolutskyi were regarded as independent species, while Lohmander [1936] recorded a $ of P. flavipes from near Sukhum, Abkhazia, an apparent introduction. From the very start, P. krivolutskyi (= P. foetidissimus) was distinguished from all congeners by its remarkably repelling “garlic” odour [Muralewicz, 1907; Isaev, 1911; Lignau, 1903 etc.]. The stinking is so unbelievably strong that the presence of P. krivolutskyi it the field can be detected dozens of meters away from the site, usually a forest, where the animals actually ABSTRACT. Pachyiulus krivolutskyi, the largest and perhaps the most picturesque millipede in the Caucasus endemic to its western part, is properly redescribed based on abundant new material. Three main colour morphs are distinguished, all illustrated and mapped. Clinal variation is revealed, as the morphs show evident geographical patterns replacing each other from north to south.

russian entomological journal

The millipede Pachyiulus krivolutskyi Golovatch, 1977, the easternmost species of the eastern Mediterranean genus Pachyiulus Berlese, 1883, endemic to the western Caucasus (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae)