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When theorists touch upon the role of 'history ' in the dynamics of ethnicity, they usually tend to place its potential within the confines of what is generally understood as collective memory. Neglecting moments of historical thinking as a modern cultural mode of recollecting past ex­ periences, 'history ' s ' potency is thus restrained to discerning the processes involved in the formation and rigidity of group boundaries rather than to fully comprehending how the capacity to historicize past events correlates with their overall maintenance and porosity . While eth­ nic boundaries are always permeable, they usually tend to be more so during certain periods more than others , notably when the general inter­ ests underlying intraand inter-group power relations overwhelmingly converge (Weber 1 968, Barth 1 996, Juteau 1 996, Jenkins 1 997) . This convergence paves the way for either potential assimilation into the more dominant culture or for a restructuring of the power system so that di­ chotomies and boundaries between two opposing 'ethnic ' groups persist into the unforeseeable future, albeit in different forms and possibly even in content (Weber 1 968, Barth 1 996, Juteau 1 996, Jenkins 1 997) . Of im­ portance here is how essentialized visions of past inter-group relations are mobilized for political or other social gains . For it is arguably these manipulated, pre-given narrative configurations of the past that are mis­ takenly held as solely consummating 'history ' s ' role in individual negoti­ ations of ethnicity rather than equally considering the importance of the contributions of historical thinking .

Historical Consciousness and Ethnicity: How Signifying the Past Influences the Fluctuations in Ethnic Boundary Maintenance