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Magnetic fields have a great impact on processes within plants. In our experiment, radish seeds (Raphanus sativus) were exposed to a stationary magnetic field (with an intensity of 8 mT and 20 mT) and variable magnetic fields (with an intensity of 6 mT and a frequency of 50 Hz). Two time intervals of exposure were selected: 3 min and 12 min. After exposure, treated seeds were compared with the control seeds (without magnetic field exposure) in the following categories: seedling length, germination rate index (GRI), vigour index, and seed germination. The results revealed that magnetic fields increased the rate of germination, vigour index, and GRI for all samples treated with stationary magnetic field. It is difficult to distinguish a specific form of dependence between the measured parameters and the intensity of the magnetic fields and the selected time intervals. The most promising results were obtained from the sample that was exposed to a stationary magnetic field intensity of 20 mT at 12 min. All measured values decreased when the seeds were exposed to variable magnetic fields at the exposure

The Effect of Stationary and Variable Electromagnetic Fields on the Germination and Early Growth of Radish (Raphanus sativus)