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Cd2+ is a serious environmental pollutant. Previous studies have investigated the effects of Cd2+ on animals, plants and algae. However, the tested concentrations were generally higher than the actual environment level. The present study determined the effects of low concentrations of Cd2+ (0.05 to 0.20 mg/L) on the chlorophyll fluorescent parameters of six local algae species in order to investigate the early toxicity of Cd2+. The results showed that treatments with up to 0.20 mg/L Cd2+ did not significantly affect population growth rate of S. quadricauda, C. pyrenoidosa, S. obliquus, N. palea, S. minutum and S. acutus. Treatments with 0.05-0.20 mg/L Cd2+ significantly increased Fv/Fm in N. palea and S. minutum and decreased Fv/Fm in S. obliquus and S. acutus, but did not significantly affect Fv/Fm in C. pyrenoidosa. When exposed to Cd2+, rETRmax was reduced in S. obliquus, C. pyrenoidosa, S. acutus and S. quadricauda, but was elevated in N. palea and S. minutum. Overall, trace Cd2+ still revealed early toxicity to green algae. N. palea, S. minutum and C. pyrenoidosa were more tolerant to Cd2+ than S. obliquus, S. acutus and S. quadricauda.

Early Toxic Effects of Cd<sup>2+</sup> on Photosynthetic Activity of Six Freshwater Algae Species