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The recently introduced frog olfactory cilia preparation (Chen and Lancet, 1984; Pace et al., 1985) has been useful for studies of molecular chemosensory mechanisms. Here we describe in detail the properties of this cilia preparation. The “calcium shock” procedure leads to a complete removal of the cilia from the olfactory epithelial surface. Isolated cilia constitute segments of proximal regions with 9 X 2 + 2 microtubular arrangement and a large proportion of membrane vesicles, probably derived from the ciliary distal segments. Polypeptides unique to the olfactory cilia preparation, compared to a control preparation of palate respiratory cilia, are identified by Coomassie brilliant blue staining, silver staining, and radiolabeled lectin overlays, as well as by biosynthetic labeling with 35S- methionine in epithelial explants and protein phosphorylation in isolated cilia. The olfactory cilia preparation contains odorant- sensitive adenylate cyclase, which is absent in control membranes from deciliated epithelium. High activities of tyrosine and serine/threonine protein kinases are also present. The olfactory cilia preparation described should be instrumental in the further elucidation of the biochemistry and molecular biology of vertebrate olfaction.

Isolated frog olfactory cilia: a preparation of dendritic membranes from chemosensory neurons