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Various strategies are proposed to date in order to convert CO 2  to large diversity of useful chemicals. The following review discusses two important approaches that produce methanol from CO 2 . These two includes CO 2  hydrogenation and electrocatalytic routes. These processes could recycle CO 2 , permitting a carbon neutral, closed loop of fuel combustion and CO 2  reduction to prevent a rising concentration of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Besides, intermittent electricity generation can be stored in an energy-dense, portable form in chemical bonds. The present review reports more recent findings and drawbacks of these two processes. The present review study revealed that the hydrogenation process could become readily operational in comparison to electrocatalytic process. The electrocatalytic approach still has serious technical issues in terms of kinetically sluggish multi-electron transfer process during CO 2  reduction reaction that requires excessive over-potential, relatively poor selectivity, poor durability in the long term, and the absence of the optimized standard experimental and commercial systems.

Power to methanol technologies via CO 2 recovery: CO 2 hydrogenation and electrocatalytic routes