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An artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm was developed to predict isotopic composition of five Pu isotopes ( 238 Pu,  239 Pu,  240 Pu,  241 Pu, and  242 Pu) of high burn-up Pu samples. The study was carried out using the most complex but informative gamma energy region of Pu gamma spectra, 90–106 keV. This region has remained futile, due to the overlapping nature of the gamma emission lines and X-rays emitted by U, Pu, and Np. A backpropagation neural network algorithm based ANN with error minimization using the steepest gradient method was built with the help of normalized gamma spectra for ∼800 samples. The paper discusses the optimization of hidden neuron number and the layer design for best prediction. With the exception of  242 Pu, the prediction accuracy and precision of the proposed technique was found to be ∼3% for all other isotopes of Pu.

radiochimica acta

Application of artificial neural networks for predicting the isotopic composition of high burn-up solid plutonium sample using the 90–105 keV gamma-spectrum region