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The discovery of a new drug is a multidisciplinary and very costly task. One of the major steps is the identification of a lead compound, i.e. a compound with a certain degree of potency and that can be chemically modified to improve its activity, metabolic properties, and pharmacokinetics profiles. Terrestrial sources (plants and fungi), microbes and marine organisms are abundant resources for the discovery of new structurally diverse and biologically active compounds. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to quantify the numbers of known published chemical structures (available in chemical databases) from natural sources. Emphasis has been laid on the number of unique compounds, the most abundant compound classes and the distribution of compounds in terrestrial and marine habitats. It was observed, from the recent investigations, that ~500,000 known natural products (NPs) exist in the literature. About 70 % of all NPs come from plants, terpenoids being the most represented compound class (except in bacteria, where amino acids, peptides, and polyketides are the most abundant compound classes). About 2,000 NPs have been co-crystallized in PDB structures.

An enumeration of natural products from microbial, marine and terrestrial sources