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The article offers a non-cartographic approach to the syntax of the left-peripheral particle  to  in Polish and Czech. It is claimed here that  to  is neither a topic nor a focus head. Instead, it has a status of a neutral  Relator , a head of  Relator Phrase , operative in the formation of the non-directional  Structure of Predication . This structure serves the needs of  Information Structure  in providing a syntactic blueprint for segregating topics from foci, but these notions themselves are solely the interpretations of constituents and not independent syntactic categories. The analysis capitalizes on a clitic status of  to  in Czech, the lack of special clitics in Polish, and makes use of the ideas of the parametric directionality of  Agreement  and  Labelling Algorithm  allowing for merging heads to project.

On left-peripheral particle to in Polish and Czech: A focus, a topic head, or neither?