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People’s perceptions concerning radiation inform decision making in relation to nuclear power production. There have been extensive studies of people’s perceptions of radiation including in relation to the Fukushima and Chernobyl nuclear events. This paper reports on a social science literature review study and is concerned with public responses to low dose radiation (LDR) and nuclear facilities, particularly in the marine environment. This review confirms that people with little knowledge about radiation have the highest risk perceptions in relation to nuclear power; conversely people with a broader knowledge have lower risk perceptions and are more favourable to nuclear power. Education can increase positive perceptions, but the influence of underlying experience of feeling, emotion, attachment, or mood may dampen this effect. This paper reports studies which document anxiety within the Japanese community in relation to the Fukushima nuclear accident. Literature concerning specific radionuclides released is described. While there are uncertainties about the presence of health impacts following LDR exposures, public attitudes are not in line. There is a need for better dialogue between nuclear professionals and scientists to achieve better nuclear education and public communication outcomes; more specific communication surrounding multi-isotopes, and multi-elements of nuclear power plant disaster releases is warranted. Trusted communicators should include nuclear and social scientists as well as regulators. Given the importance of decarbonization in the context of climate change, this is increasingly important.

Public knowledge, sentiments, and perceptions of low dose radiation (LDR) and power production, with special reference to reactor accidents