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In this work, the effect of common functional groups, namely hydroxyl, formyl, carboxyl, and amine groups on the interfacial behavior of surface-modified glass fiber-reinforced epoxy is investigated at molecular scale. The interfacial properties of the epoxy/silica coated with different functional group systems are quantified by performing pulling test using the steered molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that the system with hydroxyl groups has a relatively lower interfacial interaction, exhibiting an adhesive failure mode. When partial hydroxyl groups are replaced by carboxyl, amine, and formyl groups, respectively, the interfacial interactions are increased and these systems exhibit a cohesive failure mode where failure happens in the epoxy close to interface. A relatively higher force is required for the adhesive debonding, while more energy can be dissipated for the cohesive debonding. Because the increased interfacial interactions can prevent the mobility of polymer chains, and delay the propagation of micropores in the matrix, leading to the epoxy matrix with a high ability of energy absorption. Our work provides an insight into how functional groups affect the interface debonding behavior of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy, offering a guideline for control of the interfacial properties of such composites through surface modification techniques.

The surface modification effect on the interfacial properties of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy: A molecular dynamics study