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In literature, it remains unclear how the friction   coefficient of motor vehicle tyres and road surfaces is affected   by velocity in vehicles fitted with antilock braking   systems (ABS) compared to vehicles without ABS. In this   paper, the effects of velocity on the friction coefficient of   motor vehicle tyres and a paired road surface were examined.   Tests were performed in a vehicle with ABS enabled   and then disabled, allowing comparison between the two   braking systems to be made. Braking, sufficient to cause   skidding, was applied in a production large family sedan   on a bitumen road surface. The friction coefficient of the   vehicle tyres and bitumen road surface, during the skidding,   was determined using a Vericombrake test computer   fitted in the vehicle. Tests were conducted at a range of velocities   between 32.8 km/h and 83.1 km/h, with the ABS   being enabled and disabled. In both series of tests, peak   maximum friction coefficient or minimum friction coeficient    values were observed at around 40 km/h. With the   ABS enabled, the lowest friction coefficient was observed   at 41.9 km/h. When the ABS was disabled, the highest   friction coefficient was observed at 42.2 km/h. As vehicle   velocity was increased from 40 km/h, the friction coefficient    of the vehicle tyres and road surface increased gradually   when the ABS was enabled and decreased gradually   when the ABS was disabled. Both series of tests showed   evidence of plateau above 60 km/h. The vehicle with ABS   enabled showed a decrease in the friction coefficient between   60 km/h and 80 km/h. The results suggest that a   second peak may be observed around 70 km/h to 80 km/h   or alternatively an ongoing plateau may occur. The friction   coefficient of motor vehicle tyres and paired road surfaces   is affected by velocity with both braking systems. The nature   of the effect is dependent upon whether ABS is fitted   and working.

The Effects of Velocity on the Friction Coefficient of Motor Vehicle Tyres and Paired Road Surfaces