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Background  Virulence factors of  Helicobacter pylori  including  cagA ,  vacA ,  iceA  and their association with clinical manifestation varied widely with different subpopulations. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of  cagA ,  iceA1 ,  iceA2,   vacA ,  vacA s1/s2 ,  vacA m1/m2 , Western type  cagA  and East Asian type  cagA  virulence genes in  H. pylori  isolated from gastric ulcer patients and evaluate the association of these genes with gender, age, smoking and alcohol consumption.    Methods  Gastric biopsy samples from 172 patients were collected.  H. pylori  virulence genes,  cagA ,  vacA ,  iceA1 ,  iceA2 ,  vacA s1/s2 ,  vacA m1/m2 , Western type  cagA  and East Asian type  cagA  were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).    Results  Of the gastric biopsy samples collected, 48.3% of samples grew  H. pylori.  The  vacA  (68.7%) was the predominant virulence gene detected and associated with male patients and patients within the age group of 31–40 years. The  cagA  was the second most common gene detected and significantly associated with alcoholic patients.    Conclusions   H. pylori  infection rate was 48.3% and was associated with patients who were smokers or had a history of smoking. The majority of our isolates were positive for any one of the virulence genes tested indicating that these isolates were highly virulent in nature.

Detection of CagA , VacA , IceA1 and IceA2 virulent genes in Helicobacter pylori isolated from gastric ulcer patients