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Aim is to present the neonatal and child mortality in high-(HIC) and low-income (LIC) countries and possible influence of COVID-19 pandemic. In recently published sustainable development goals (SDGs) report and other sources the data on infant and under-five mortality (U-5MR) in HIC and LIC are presented. SDG 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal mortality rate (NMR) to less than 12 per 1,000 live births, and reduction of U-5MR to less than 25 per 1,000 live births by 2030. Negative influence of COVID-19 pandemic on performance of SDG 3.2 has been discussed. The lowest NMR was in HIC, almost 10 times lower than in LIC and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Data on the U-5MR between HIC and LIC are even worse because the difference was between 13 and 15 times lower in HIC. More children are dying after the neonatal period in LIC. In HIC, NMR comprises 56.3% of U-5MR, while in LIC it is 40.3%, and in SSA, it is 36.8%. Births attended by skilled birth personnel in HIC was 99.0% and in LIC it was only 58.6%, which might affect early NMR. The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the delivery of perinatal health, with possible negative effects on stillbirth rates, NMR, U-5MR, maternal mortality rates, and many other indicators. The gap of the NMR and U-5MR between HIC and LIC has increasing tendency regardless of COVID-19 pandemic, affecting adversely perinatal health indicators in HIC and LIC.

Neonatal and child mortality – are they different in developing and developed countries?