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The study explores variation in L2 motivation ( Ideal L2 self  and  Ought-to L2 self ) of 88 Chinese English university learners in China over a one-year period. It examines change in L2 motivation and the evolving relationship with other measures at three data collection points. No significant changes were found in  Ideal L2 self  values but  Ought-to L2 self  values increased significantly between Time 1, 2 and 3. Regression analyses suggest that the significant increase in values of  Ought-to L2 self  is affected by different motivational factors at various times. We claim that perceptions of the dynamic variation can be obscured in conventional statistical analyses because of the graphical representation of mean values of groups at different times. The use of bubble graphs representing number of participants whose values increase, decrease or remain stable between data collection points, shatters the false impression of stability.

What lies bubbling beneath the surface? A longitudinal perspective on fluctuations of ideal and Ought-to L2 self among Chinese learners of English