English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

This review focuses on the trends and challenges, over the last ten years, in the development of electrochemical sensors based on organic conducting polymers and graphene composites for the determination of trace heavy metal ions in water. Some of these materials taken alone still have significant limitations for the selective and ultrasensitive detection of target species. Hence, it has become crucial to develop new composite materials able to overcome these limitations and to improve the sensitivity to heavy metal ions. The properties resulting from the combination of these two types of materials, which increased the electrochemical performance by offering many advantages such as improvement of catalytic activity and conductivity, fast electron transfer kinetics, large surface area and high sensitivity were reviewed. This review also presents in detail various methods (chemical, electrochemical and hydrothermal) used to prepare composites and characterization methods (spectroscopic, microscopic, electrochemical, etc.). The applications of these composites in electroanalysis of heavy metal ions have been discussed and summarized. Also, electrochemical detection methods, particularly those called “Anodic Stripping Voltammetry” have been explained and their uses in the detection of heavy metal ions in natural water have been highlighted, and the results provided.

Preparations and applications of organic conducting polymers/graphene composites in heavy metal ion sensing: a review