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Non-linear segregation of Ag in Cu grain boundaries (GB) was quantitatively studied by radiotracer GB diffusion measurements on Cu bicrystals with non-special near Σ5 symmetrical [001] tilt boundaries. Bicrystals were used to guarantee a stable GB during the annealing avoiding in this way disturbing effects like GB motion etc. on the measured diffusion penetration profile. The  110m Ag radioisotope with a well-defined specific activity was applied. This allowed to determine quantitatively the amount of Ag solute atoms in a section as a function of the penetration depth. The controlled variation of the total amount of diffusing Ag atoms along the Cu GB resulted in a fundamental change of the GB penetration profile shape from almost linear to strongly curved. The curvature of the penetration profiles was unambiguously shown to be caused by non-linear segregation of Ag in Cu GB. The full Ag segregation isotherm was calculated from the corresponding GB diffusion penetration profile.

international journal of materials research

Quantitative experiments on the transition between linear to non-linear segregation of Ag in Cu bicrystals studied by radiotracer grain boundary diffusion