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This article articulates the frequency control in an isolated microgrid (MG) under a centralized secondary controller. The penetration of distributed generators (DGs) which are weather dependant, and some of them are inertia less cause the instability in the MG. Besides this, unusual/abrupt load change, communication delay, and parameter change uncertainties make the MG more unstable. So, to restore the stability of the MG a sliding mode controller (SMC) is employed. The design of the SMC is carried by selfish herd optimization (SHO) algorithm. To validate the performance of SHO-SMC controller, it is compared with the results obtained by GOA-FOPID-(1+PI), SHO-PID, SHO- FOPID, and SHO-FOPID-(1+PI) controllers. Further, to establish an ameliorated dynamic response of the MG, SHO is modified by applying fuzzy logic named as fuzzy adaptive SHO (FA-SHO). In addition to this, in a two area MG, the potential of SHO/FA-SHO SMC controllers over SHO-SMC, and SHO/FA-SHO FOPID-(1+PI) controllers has been examined. Finally, with some crucial intermittent uncertainties like abrupt load change, time delay, and parameter variation, the robustness of the proposed controller is established.

Frequency stability analysis with fuzzy adaptive selfish herd optimization based optimal sliding mode controller for microgrids